Apartheid Era Pass Laws of South Africa

Politically-sanctioned racial segregation Era Pass Laws of South Africa As a framework, politically-sanctioned racial segregation concentrated on isolating South African Indian, Colored, and African residents as indicated by their race. This was done to advance the prevalence of Whites and over build up the minority White system. Administrative laws were passed to achieve this, including the Land Act of 1913, the Mixed Marriages Act of 1949, and the Immorality Amendment Act of 1950-which were all made to isolate the races. Under politically-sanctioned racial segregation, pass laws were intended to control the development of Africans and they are viewed as one of the most shocking strategies that the South African government used to help politically-sanctioned racial segregation. The subsequent enactment (explicitly Abolition of Passes and Co-appointment of Documents Act No. 67 of 1952) presented in South Africa required dark Africans to convey character reports as a kind of perspective book when outside a lot of stores (later known as countries or bantustans). Pass laws developed from guidelines that the Dutch and British established during the eighteenth and nineteenth century slave economy of the Cape Colony. In the nineteenth century, new pass laws were authorized to guarantee a consistent flexibly of modest African work for the precious stone and gold mines. In 1952, the administration passed a considerably increasingly tough law that necessary every single African man age of 16 and over to convey a reference book (supplanting the past passbook) which held their own and business data. (Endeavors to constrain ladies to convey pass books in 1910, and again during the 1950s, caused solid fights.) Pass Book Contents The pass book was like a visa in that it contained insights regarding the individual, including a photo, unique mark, address, the name of his manager, to what extent the individual had been utilized, and other recognizing data. Bosses frequently entered an assessment of the pass holders conduct. As characterized by law, a business must be a White individual. The pass likewise archived when authorization was mentioned to be in a specific locale and for what reason, and whether that solicitation was denied or allowed. Under law, any administrative worker could expel these passages, basically evacuating consent to remain in the zone. In the event that a pass book didnt have a legitimate section, authorities could capture its proprietor and put him in jail. Casually, passes were known as the dompas, which actually implied the imbecilic pass. These passes turned into the most despised and detestable images of politically-sanctioned racial segregation. Damaging Pass Laws Africans regularly damaged the pass laws so as to look for some kind of employment and bolster their families and in this manner lived under consistent danger of fines, badgering, and captures. Dissent against the stifling laws drove the counter politically-sanctioned racial segregation battle incorporating the Defiance Campaign in the mid 50s and the tremendous womens fight in Pretoria in 1956. In 1960, Africans consumed their goes at the police headquarters in Sharpeville and 69 dissidents were executed. During the 70s and 80s, numerous Africans who damaged pass laws lost their citizenship and were expelled to devastated rustic countries. When the pass laws were canceled in 1986, 17 million individuals had been captured.

Overview of The American Academy

Outline of The American Academy The American Academy offers more than 230 online courses for secondary school understudies. Understudies joined up with The American Academy can finish singular courses or work towards a certify certificate. Courses are self-managed and have a liberal half year consummation cutoff time, giving understudies the adaptability to set their own calendars. Accreditation The American Academy is licensed by Northwest Association of Accredited Schools, a local certifying office. Degrees and Programs The American Academy offers online courses and secondary school confirmation projects to understudies of all ages. Notwithstanding customary confirmations, they give the Dropout Recovery Program intended to enable previous understudies to finish a secondary school certificate from their nearby school locale. Self-teach understudies can likewise take individually courses, join up with a math/science pack, or work towards a confirmation. Confirmations The American Academy offers open enlistment to all understudies. Classes start on Monday consistently. Regularly, each credit requires roughly 120 hours of work. Understudies can choose flows through a shopping basket framework, making it simple to tailor the educational program to singular needs. Fascinating Fact Understudies took a crack at The American Academy get 50 minutes of one-on-one coaching time from authorized experts. Extra coaching time might be bought. Contact Information Website:Â www.theamericanacademy.comPhone: 866-689-1932Address: 175 S. Principle, Suite 1130Salt Lake City, UT 84111

Climb Every Mountain a Guest Blog Post by Davie R. 12

Climb Every Mountain a Guest Blog Post by Davie R. ‘12 Midnight. We switched off the generator and the glaring light died. A flurry of moths, freed from the beacon that had attracted them, flew off into the darkness. Three thousand feet below us, fireworks were going off with a faint, delayed crackle. Most nights, this summit was shrouded in mist, but evidently the clouds had taken New Year’s Eve off. Despite the view, we were alone. The only people crazy enough to camp on the mountaintop were those who would travel to Brazil to study insects.. First, an explanation of who I am and why I’m posting on Anna’s blog. I’m an alum of French House. I graduated in 2012 with a double major in Math (combinatorics) and Music (opera singing). I then spent a year in Berlin, Germany, and now am back at MIT to start a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics. Hi! Most children grow up thinking bugs are cool; I never stopped. It started with butterflies and dragonflies, but eventually I fell in love with moths. Turns out that one in ten species on Earth (including bacteria and plants) is a moth. Many are large and colorful. Some are rare and exciting. Most are beautiful if you stop to look.     Moths of Vermont: Chocolate prominent and maple callus borer moth. I live in the middle of the woods in Vermont (yes, I wear flannel and do square dancing), and I started photographing the moths at my home. By the end of high school, I’d found over five hundred species. Then MIT happened and I happily forgot about insects for four years in a wealth of friends, classes, and math. During my senior year, I realized that I would have a whole summer free after graduation, and I remembered my early childhood dream of finding insects in the rainforest. Surely, that couldn’t happen, but there was nothing to lose in trying. Lesson 1. Google is awesome. I searched for “moths brazil” and this was the first hit. Look, here was an organization that actually needed help identifying and photographing moths in the rainforest! Unfortunately, I also had to get there, and tickets to Brazil are expensive. Lesson 2. If you’re passionate and determined about your project, sometimes people will support you. I first tried to get funding through a public service program. I failed, and almost decided to give up. My application had been rejected; that must mean that my idea was silly. As a last hope, I went to see MISTI. This program helps MIT students find foreign internships. I wasn’t looking for a standard internship, but I had nothing to lose. Half an hour later I was told I had a plane ticket. MIT-Brazil was a new program without much money, but they would be delighted to support me if I worked hard in the interests of conservation. A CD arrived in the mail from the Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (REGUA). On it were over a thousand photographs of unidentified moths. Could I please identify them all? *gulp* Well, this was what I’d asked for Dawn over the Atlantic rainforest. REGUA is part of the Atlantic rainforest. Most of this ecosystem has been destroyed: it’s much more endangered than the Amazon. About half the species are found nowhere else in the world, and naturalists are racing to identify and protect what’s there before it vanishes forever. Almost nobody is studying the moths. There are just too many of them! Certainly, there’s no field guide or anything like that. To identify a species, you have to search through museum collections or hope that there’s a photo on the web. Can you tell that these moths are the same?      Two photographs of the moth Epia Muscosa (left photo by Alan Martin). After reading about moths and malaria and What To Do If You Meet A Jaguar, I arrived in another world. The rainforest is a solid block of plants. There are trees and ferns and tree ferns (ferns the size of trees). There are bamboos, palms, vines, and spiny plants that you meet unexpectedly. There are wild oranges, which are green, and wild limes, which are orange. There are bromeliads living bowls of water where the treefrogs lay their eggs. All of these plants occur right in front of you, piled on top of each other. Jackfruit, the largest (and tastiest!) fruit in the world. Ficus trees are so charismatic that they’ve run for Congress. There are also animals, but they are harder to see. Colorful birds flash past you and disappear in the leaves, and if you find a fruit tree you may meet some monkeys. You will definitely meet some mosquitoes. There is a constant hum of insects at any time of the day or night, so perpetual that you don’t notice it. Every so often, a screaming flock of parrots dashes across the sky and vanishes in the distance.      Butterflies are cute when they sleep. Moths are very considerate animals; they will come to you if you ask nicely. All you have to do is set up a very bright light â€" too bright to look at. As night falls, moths flutter in from the surrounding forest and flap around the light with determined fascination. They land on the bulb, on the ground, in your hair. Some are tiny, no bigger than flies. Others are the size of bats. Many are experts at camouflage, rolling up their wings to look like twigs, dropping to the grass as leaves, or blending in with the bark of the trees. So many moths! So little time to photograph them! And they are all moving at once in a blur of patterns and colors. You stay up all night, sleep the next day, then do it all over again. Rothschildia silkmoth just chillin’ on my pants. This giant leopard moth is warming up its wings for takeoff. Adelowalkeria moths are furry and sit on your finger like tiny teddy bears. Automeris silkmoth covered in morning dewdrops. Moth lights attract other visitors too, like this leafhopper.  It’s about the size of a grain of rice. This harlequin beetle was too big to fit on my hand. After three weeks in Paradise, I returned to Boston laden with gigabytes of photos, which I slowly identified over the course of a year. REGUA has started a moth database to be used by entomologists around the world. There’s a lot more out there, but it’s a start. With the help of MISTI, I flew back this year during IAP. January is the wet season in Brazil, and it rains a lot. Next to every building is a deep groove in the concrete caused by water falling off the roof. Moths like to go out in the heaviest downpours. I don’t. But anything in the interests of science, right? Together with Sue Loose, a dragonfly expert, I spent a week in the mountains, where the most exotic moths are to be found. On New Year’s Eve, we visited a peak called Caledonia, about 6,500 feet high. That’s taller than any mountain in the eastern US, but at the Equator it could still be warm and vibrant with life. Even in the rainforest, of course, you don’t get to spend all your time watching fireworks from a mountain. There are afternoons lugging heavy equipment along a trail. Hours on a patchy wifi network, pleading with Google to tell you what your species is. You learn to deal with unforeseen calamities, the vicissitudes of an environment where you really aren’t in control. Confusion when you discover a bat in your bathroom. Frustration when a gigantic yellow moth appears and is eaten by owls before you can get a photo of it. IT ATE OUR MOTH. (Photo by Sue Loose.) Sue says that the red-eye function simply doesn’t work on owls. Despair when you drop your special moth light and it shatters into tiny pieces. Pain â€" when you discover you are standing in a swarm of army ants. Panic when you have set up camp outside a school in a remote valley and manage to set off the burglar alarm in the middle of the night. Will you be able to convince the police that you were just looking for moths? But if I’ve learned one lesson, it’s this: If you truly care about something and persist in working towards it, sometimes it magically happens. Remember your dreams, because they may not be as far off as you think.

Essay on Personal Ethical System - 1356 Words

Personal ethical system We human beings live in a society. The society or the social world we live in is based on human cooperation. In other words, the individuals in a society do not live in an isolated self-centered world. The human interactive system presupposes ethical and moral standpoint from which we operate. My personal ethical system is based on â€Å"service before self† and â€Å"love your neighbors as yourself†. The question that I wish to address in context of these two principles of my personal ethical system is whether my ethical system is capable of being universally applied and followed. Can we think of a possible situation when this system will break down so that it becomes indefensible? In other words, for an†¦show more content†¦What is meant by going beyond the individual bio-organic needs is that only human beings are capable of achieving self-fulfillment or what Maslow calls self-actualization that comes not from meeting one’s personal needs of food , thirst, security etc but going beyond them in the service of others. The driving force behind men going beyond their personal and immediate needs to those of the others first is the unique quality characterizing every human called â€Å"love†. That is why, in my opinion, love for others so that one may adopt â€Å"service before self† and â€Å"love thy neighbors as thyself† as their guiding ethical principle is what may be understood as the ultimate human goodness. This ethical system is different from both the Utilitarian of Mill and the Categorical Imperative of Kant. The principle of utilitarianism holds the belief in the greatest happiness of the greatest number. Mill equates happiness with pleasure, while pleasures are of higher and lower value. Pleasures of mind are higher than the pleasures of body. For instance, pleasure of learning is more valuable than pleasures of eating and drinking. The decision on value of pleasure rests on the consensus of expe rienced observers. The moral foundation of utilitarianism rests on the principle of â€Å"greatest happiness of the greatest number† where happiness of every sentient being counts equally. The ethical system as proposed in this paper draws from the unique human capacity of loveShow MoreRelatedPersonal And Professional Ethical System1134 Words   |  5 Pagesmoney for shareholders of the bank. In this paper, I will try to take a look at this situation from accounting perspective and point of view of professional ethics. Personal and Professional Ethical System First of all, let me introduce my own personal ethical system. I believe in duty-driven ethical system because my personal opinion is no matter whatever I do, I have to have an ability to identify what is right or what is wrong pretty clearly. Otherwise, it is not nearly possible to work, especiallyRead MorePersonal and Ethical Belief System Essay3474 Words   |  14 PagesPersonal Ethical Belief System and Professional Ethics Cherissa Boyd BSHS - 332 University of Phoenix August 15, 2011 David Elkins Personal Ethical Belief System and Professional Ethics In the profession of human services, every professional will at some point, include his or her personal ethical standards into his or her work with clients. My personal ethics are a huge part of who I am today, and these beliefs affect every decision I make whether it is personal or professional. I believeRead MorePersonal, Professional, and Ethical Belief System Essay2920 Words   |  12 PagesPersonal and Professional Ethical Belief System Farah Nail University of Phoenix In the human services field, personal ethical belief systems combined with professional ethics work in partnership to guide human service professionals in unraveling ethical dilemmas. An increasing number of professionals and clients seek out to define the fundamental policies of the human services field. Humans develop an integration of values, standards, and beliefs from birth throughout life. The values, standardsRead MoreEthical Systems : Ethics And Ethics Essay1219 Words   |  5 Pages Ethical System Reflection The Ethics in Justice course has outlined various ethical systems. This was done using the course textbook: Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice HUM 3350 Custom Edition by Lethbridge College, and peer presentations on each of the ethical systems outlined in the text. Ethical systems provide a foundation, in a variety of areas, for individuals in determining, morals, and actions within their lives (Pollock, 2015). Individuals may fit various characteristicsRead MorePersonal Ethics Development Paper871 Words   |  4 Pagesparticular way. In addition, this made me a have a particular ethical system that influences the way I work and act as an individual. At the corporation level, ethics is important because they set the rules and regulations. In this paper, I will explain the developmental aspects of my ethics as well as my ethical system, the effects of my ethics at my workplace, and importance of ethics in an organization to achieve its goals. My ethical system was shaped since I was a child. Growing up with a catholicRead MorePersonal Philosophy : An Organization Level Leader1734 Words   |  7 Pagesvarious understandings of how to relate to situations and dilemmas through their personal life experiences based on inputs from parents, family, experiences and organizations. To define my moral philosophy as an organizational level leader, I will first explain how my personal moral philosophy was shaped, explain and examine my personal moral philosophy and then I will juxtapose my moral philosophy to the E100 ethical concepts by explaining the strengths and weakness in relation to my moral philosophyRead MoreOrganizational Goals And Actions Can Affect The Outlook Of Personnel At Various Companies975 Words   |  4 Pagesship or military command system there is most of the time a bartering network established, especially at underway times, to increase morale and individuals’ personal resources. This can lead to rais e privileges, increased hours of operation, and access to unapproved sites or programs in return for services such as better quality or quantity of food, front of line laundry or haircut privileges, after-hours access to ship stores, and other various perks. To increase ethical behavior a training programRead MorePersonal Vs. Professional Ethics Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Research Methods - Assignment 1 Personal v/s Professional Ethics The Oxford (Dictionary) defines ethic as a set of moral principles, forming a system. (Durant 1961) defines ethic as ‘the ideal conduct’. But none of them mention who creates these moral principles, who decides what is immoral, how does one state what ideal conduct is, and whether these definitions change from person to person, time to time and in different situations. (Jindal-Snape and Hannah 2014) describe three formsRead MoreEthical System Reflection1019 Words   |  5 PagesEthical System Reflection Two ethical systems that I feel hold true to my beliefs and decision-making processes are relativism and ethics of care. When having to make difficult decisions in life I often find myself applying key concepts from each ethical system to find a resolution. Both systems reflect aspects of my personal beliefs and are beneficial now and in the future as a justice professional. By applying these ethical systems, it creates a road to success, positive interaction and strongRead MoreThe Moral Code : Utilitarianism And Rule Utilitarianism994 Words   |  4 Pagessociety is the ability to make ethical decisions. Although most humans have similar ethical beliefs there are still many differences between each person. These differences can be influenced and affected by a person s upbringing, religion, and overall social interactions. When analyzing a person s ethical beliefs, we can see a combination of different ethical systems working in tandem to make up one complete ethical code. We can de fine this mix of different systems as a person s satisfactory moral

Are Social Media Sites Keeping our Information Safe - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 15 Words: 4437 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Social Media Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Technological advancements have greatly benefited our society. An example of a technological advancement that has benefited many people around the world was the creation of the Internet. The Internet makes it easier to search and look for information. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Are Social Media Sites Keeping our Information Safe?" essay for you Create order It has also allowed for it become easier for people to become interconnected with one another around the world. Social media websites or applications are created to allow users to create and share content or participate in social networking. These websites allow for users to make new people or become reacquainted with family or friends they have not seen in a long time. As great as the internet is there are some negative effects that social media websites have on their users, an example is that being that there are users who catfish other users which means that they create false identities to trick other users. Catsfishers arent not the only group of people that social media users should be concerned with rather there are other things on social media sites that should be more concerning to all users. One group of people they should be concerned with is hackers they are people who use computers to attempt to gain unauthorized access to data, which include social media websites. Users should be concerned with how safe are the social media websites they visit secure, if they are able to adequately protect their information. It will be interesting to find out the different kinds of security methods they use to ensure that their users are safely protected. Finding out whether or not social media websites use differing or similar security methods to keep users safe. If any of these websites prioritize keeping information safe for all the users and what they do if they notice any suspicious activity on their sites. If they offer any information that informs users on the dangers they can possibly face while using their websites. How they report any suspicious user activity and what they can do to make sure that they use the website safely. Keeping users information safe is not only the r esponsibility of the websites but as well as the responsibility of the user and knowing what they could be to make sure they arent vulnerable to any attacks. Users should be aware that there are certain activities that may pop on their screen that they should be precautious and shouldnt click on everything they see. They should be able to detect any form of phishing website links that may pop up on their page. It is imperative that users know what phishing attacks are. They should know where they have to report any suspicious behavior they see on their screen. They should know how to make sure that they can keep their personal information private. In order to understand how and why these social media websites get attacked the user should become aware of the different ways they can get harmed. Users should be aware that there are cybercrimes that are punishable with the law. All users should have a basic knowledge in what phishing attacks are and how they can become victims. The things they should keep an eye from to avoid becoming victims. If they do become victims the users should also be aware of how malware may affect their computer device. There was a moment in time when cybercrimes were committed and authorities could not punish these individuals because there werent any laws that punished cybercrimes. Although it takes time laws have been created in order to punish these different offenses and they are frequently amended to keep up with technological changes. Who uses Social Media? In order to see which groups of people are most vulnerable to cybernetic attacks on these websites we have to found out who uses these sites and why they use it. Finding out this information makes it easier to assess who the targets are and what can be done to protect them. Social media is used by different groups of people some who use it as a means to meet new people, voice their opinion are different subject, staying connected with friends and family or are looking to establish relationship with other users. Social media has the benefit that many people around the world can connect with one another. The invention of the smartphone has given people around the world easier access to the Internet. Which also means that it is easier for them to join social media websites and apps. Currently the major social media websites are Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Of course there are many more social media websites but the ones mentioned above are currently the most popular. Social media we bsites or apps are built with the intention that they are easy to use so different types of people can use it. Demographics on social media websites vary on the sites they are subscribed to as well as the age group. Duggan and Brenner conducted research in 2012 on the demographics of social media users. Their research concluded that Facebook in that time was the most popular social media site usually used women ages 18-29. Their research also focused on the gender, race, education as well as ethnicity to see what sites are popular for each group. Their research sample included people of differing age, gender, education as well as being conducted in English and Spanish. It is also important to point out that their research was published in 2013 and it is obvious that their findings could possibly be outdated. Of course compared to 2012 more people presently own smartphones or have access to a computer that allows them to use the Internet. It is highly likely that more people use social media sites and the percentage for each website is higher than the numbers given by Duggan and Brenners 2012 research. But their research is helpful in the sense that it can be used as an estimate for the amount of people that use social media sites. These are groups of people who may be exposed to vulnerabilities that different websites may or may not have. Benefits of Social Media As stated previously a benefit of using social media is that ability to reconnect with family or friends that live far or near the user. There are people who firmly believe that social media is responsible for causing people to be less communicative with one another. Many believe that they are so focused in checking the phones constantly that they have become less concerned with people who are physically with them at the moment. Social media has caused many positive outcomes like the ability to communicate and discuss various topics with people around the world. It permits the user to see the opinions of others and it allows them to see why they think they way they do. People can see how different users around the world are influenced to think the way the do based on where they live. Social media sites allows for its young users to be able to voice their concerns through their websites. They are able to create awareness on a subject matter that many people didnt know existed. Through the use of a social media site a person can also be aware of the news that occurs near them or any place around the world. But a problem with this is the possibility that there may be fake news circulating through these websites and how can a user know whether or not what they are reading is factual or not. Its fantastic that have social media means that there is an easy instant way to communicate with people. Social media can be a great tool if a person has started a new business. It allows for them to promote their business online and depending the website they use it possibly may be free. They are able to find a larger range of consumers who did not know they existed. Not only can they do free self-promoting their business but allows them to see whether or not they are able to pro vide adequate services or goods for their consumers based on comments they may post. If they have satisfied customers it is highly likely that they will post their delight about the business on their social media accounts. These websites can also be used as a means of relaxation and enjoyment because some people think that they are fun to use. Using social media can allow the individual to take a break from work. It allows you to be able to see what the users friends are up to without needing to actually communicate with them. Perhaps the user may find it enjoyable to see when their friends comments on their posts.   Disadvantages of Social Media There are people that firmly believe that social media has caused more harm than any good for users. As stated previously people believe that social media can be attributed to people becoming less communicative with one another. People have become so addicted and attached to their cell phones they have become less aware what is going on physically around them. There are users who are focused on their online interaction with other users that they have forgotten the importance of making sure they also interact with people. It has become more difficult to interact people because they are focused on their smartphones and are frequently checking it out. Another con of using social media websites is that there is a high probability that the user will have more than one profile on different sites. Its not uncommon for one person to have a Facebook, Instagram or Twitter account. The problem arises when an individual may become overwhelmed with all the accounts they have to check on. They hav e to check messages on each social media site. It might be overwhelming for users to try to keep up with everything going on with their pages. Using social media can also been seen as a distraction and why people tend to procrastinate. People have the need to constantly check their smartphones to see look at their social apps and text messages they receive. People arent fully given their attention to a person or to the tasks they need to do. Using these apps can be used to as an excuse to prolong having to fulfill their responsibilities or tasks. Not only does it disrupt a persons daily routine it can also harm their sleep routine. People have spent hours at a time on these apps. It can also cause a person to be situated in one spot for hours at a time without moving at all. Humans have the basic need to fit in with their peers so they may be pressured to follow the social trends. They think that it is important for them to have a social media website because they everyone else they know has one. Teens and adults have been seen to do whatever they can to fit in with their peers. A negative consequence of this is that we hav e seen the increase of cyber bullying; which is when people use electronics to a bully a person by sending them threatening or intimidating messages. They also may create posts about an individual where multiple people can start commenting attacking the person. Of course person who is the victim of cyber bullying is high likely to develop stress, anxiety, or depression. In extreme cases there have been people who have been victims of bullying who have committed suicide. All these previously mentioned disadvantages of using social media are important to be aware of but one other issue that stands out the most would be the privacy issues that come with using social media apps or websites. People should be aware of the possible consequences of using any site. It is possible a person can become a potential victim if they post their geographic location on their social media website. Another case would be if a person decides to post something about their job this can be brought to the attention of their employers and a person can become at risk for getting fired. Sharing personal information on these sites can become a problem when there are people who can use this information against the user. A possible problem a person may face because of over sharing would be they think could inadvertently offend someone or a group of people. Once something is posted it will always stay on the Internet. It should be common knowledge that cybernetic attacks are becomin g frequently used by different groups of people around the world. They commit these crimes because it is easy to do. One benefit is that they do not have to leave the comforts of their home to do so. People have become more susceptible to these attacks because they are not aware they should be cautious of what they post. People dont realize that they expose themselves to become a victim when they carelessly post personal things about themselves on these websites. Without even realizing it people through the use of their social media pages have become victims of cybernetic crimes. As time progresses and the uses of the Internet increase there has been a dramatic increase of cybernetic crimes committed by people around the world. Cybernetic Crimes Cybernetic crime is also known as computer crime that refers to any crime that involves a computer and a network. It is an attack on information about individuals, corporations, or governments. Wadha and Arora article A Review on Cyber Crime: Major threats and Solution(2017) goes into detail that there is a broad spectrum on the different types of crimes that can be committed through the use of a computer. On one end of the spectrum of cybernetic crimes people are actively looking for digital information to steal to use against a person or who their own advantage such as stealing someones identity. On the other end of the spectrum there are individuals who are actively attempting to disrupt people from using the Internet by creating malware, viruses, or shutting down websites. A Review on Cyber Crime; Major threats and Solution(2017) state that people that are motivated to commit these crimes are computer nerds wanting to have bragging rights that they were able to hack a website. Th ere also business that rely on these methods to illegally search what their competitors are doing with their companies. Criminals are also searching for individuals personal information to sell the information on the black market. They made a valid point that countries now have to worry about terrorists using the Internet to commit cyber strikes. They could possibly hack the governments top-secret information to use against them. One of the problems that occur with cyber crimes is the lack of reporting by the victim. Often times these crimes are not reported because the individual hasnt realized that they have become a victim of a crime. Its extremely difficult to realize that an individuals private information has been stolen. Hackers have become resourceful in their methods to steal information without the users finding out. If they do find out they have been a victim to cybercrime sometimes people are unaware where they should report their crime too. Cybercrimes are not like regular crimes the perpetrator can be far or anywhere else around the world. Businesses are targeted not only by their competitors but also by hackers who are trying to steal their customers information. Hackers want customers personal information and their credit card information. Business sometimes decided not to report these crimes because it is bad for their business of course they dont want to lose their customers. Their security systems come into scrutiny because one of their main concerns is to make sure that their clients information is stored and safely protected. Failure to report these crimes becomes detrimental because no one knows the accurate numbers of these crimes. If the actually number is higher then the reported how are people supposed to combat these crimes? Criminal justice agencies may not be aware that they should have more personnel looking into these cybercrimes. Reporting crimes can lead to connecting whether or not the same person or groups of people are committing these crimes. It may lead to there apprehension. Laws on Cybernetic Crimes Technology is constantly and rapidly changing. Every year people have witnessed how technology changes and helps improve society as a whole. Like everything nothing can or should be considered to exist without any flaws or some kind of disadvantage. In the case of rapid technological change one of the major downsides of these constant changes is whether or not it is possible for the law to keep up these changes. In order for a law to be created it take to be created and to be passed at a legislation level. So it is possible that by the time the law is created it has become outdated. Questions whether or not itll ever be possible for laws to keep up with all the changes. The Department of Justice created a template based on their current knowledge of cybernetic crimes that are committed and their possible punishment for committing these crimes. Computer crimes started to become a problem within the nation in the early 1980s so in order to combat the rise of the crimes they created the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA). It was also created so the federal government and states could be able to create laws to punish cybercriminals. The CFAA has been revised on multiple occasions in attempts to keep up with the constant change in technology. Eliminating and making sure to expand the statues in hopes to appropriate punish individuals for their crimes. Before then they had no idea on how to deal with the crimes or how they should be prosecuted so there were individuals that went unpunished for their crimes before these laws were created. Like regular crimes that are committed cybercrimes are also divided into felonies and misdemeanors. The more severe the crime the harsher the punishment they may face. The criminal may be forced to pay a fine and or spend time in prison. Cybercrimes can be committed anywhere it imperative to know that if the cybercriminal is another nation depending on the crime they committed they could possibly be extradited to the United States. An example would be if a criminal outside the US decides to use a computer and it affects the United States foreign commerce or communication, if there location is known the US could extradite them. More than often cyber criminals are usually individuals who are tech savvy so they make sure that they are able to hide their tracks. Sometimes these criminals are so good it is nearly impossible to know where their location is. The chart below was a table taken out of Prosecuting Computer Crimes(2015) is the list of possible punishment a person may face for co mmitting any cyber crime. The article was created 3 years ago meaning that it is possible that some of the information is outdated and more crimes can and should be added to the chart. The federal government uses the table below so they know how to prosecute computer crimes; it is important to note that conspiracy to commit and attempts of these crimes are also punishable. This serves as guideline for states to be able to create their own laws. It should be considered important to all social media users that there are cybernetic crimes that can be punishable. They should know that it is imperative if they are a victim of a cybercrime they report crimes that are committed against them to the proper authorities. Its important to do so because those criminals should be punished as well as it stopping them from targeting other people. This information can also be useful to the social media sites so they can find out how they can make sure their websites are safer for their users. They should be aware that anyone who attempts to illegally obtain their passwords to their accounts can and should be punished. One reason a criminal hacks into social media users accounts is in order to search for their personal information on their page. Another reason would be to access the information on their personal computers. One way the attempt to access personal account information is through the use of phishing attacks. Phishing Phishing attacks are defined as a kind of social engineering attacks that is used in order to steal a users data. Which also includes stealing login information from websites and the users credit card numbers. Originally phishing attacks were primarily done thru the use of emails but that gradually changed as more sites were created and the Internet was expanded. These criminals try to obtain information from people by impersonating as a trusted entity. However, nowadays, phishing attacks are increasingly sophisticated. Beyond email, phishing attacks spread via twitter direct messages, games on social networks, voice over IP phones and more; thus, blocking the phishing attacks from the source becomes increasingly difficult. (Gang, 2012). If the user unknowingly clicks on malicious link it may lead to installing malware on their computer or device. Examples of devastating consequences of clicking on fraudulent links are the possibility of unauthorized purchases, having the users funds stolen or suffering from identity theft. Hackers have become more resourceful in finding ways to trick users to clicking on their malicious links. Besides the examples previously provided hackers are also able to create fraudulent ads on social media pages. There have been cases where people believe that they are logging on to their social media accounts without realizing theyre putting their information on fake sites. When logging on to fake sites its almost nearly impossible to tell the difference between the actually site and their site because they are able to do a decent job at replicating the sites. People see the companys logo and assume theyre on the right websites without thinking to check on the links they clicked on. If users are paying close attention to what they are clicking theyll be able to tell that the URL they are clicking from another website. An example of fraudulent websites is like picture below the URL spells amazon incorrectly with two-letter Ns instead of one. In order to combat phishing attacks there are websites that make sure that they leave copyright information on the bottom of the page. Whenever a user is unsure whether or not theyre not the right webpage it would be a great idea if the scrolled to the bottom of the page to check for the company right information. This method isnt always isnt foolproof because these criminals also tend to create replicas copyright information on the bottom of the webpage. According to Jensens article, Training to Mitigate Phishing Attacks Using Mindfulness Techniques(2017) in order to combat phishing attacks company do three things  ¦automated removal or quarantine of phishing messages and corresponding websites; (2) automated warning mechanisms that notify individuals when they encounter a suspicious message or website; and (3) behavioral training during which individuals are taught to identify and report attacks. Companies are responsible in making sure they secure their websites but all users sh ould be aware of the risk they face by not making sure they are in authentic websites. In social media sites phishing occur more frequently than users tend to notice and realize they do. Getting Phished on Social Media (2017) article focused on explaining two kinds of phishing scams that people may incur on social media sites. According to Vishwanath (2017) article, one form of attack is that criminals create fake profiles on social media sites and attempt to befriend people. Usually these fake profiles have hundreds of friends that is why some users accept their friend request thinking that they are legitimate users. The second way they may attack a person is to directly extract an individuals information by sending them direct messages. In his article he states that it is frequently more difficult on social media sites to tell if the user exposes themselves to a phishing scam due to the fact that there are users who are not aware that such attacks can take place on social media sites. The picture above is from a random Facebook account, it is an example on fraudulent ad on someones home page. If a person pays close attention and reads the ad theyll notice that the URL says www.walmart100.com, clearly a spoof link. On the bottom of the picture it also says its a click bait scam in order to get personal information from someone. All social media users should be aware and cautious of possibly being a victim of a phishing attack. As mentioned before being contacted by the scammers is one to become a victim. Another possible way to become a victim on a social media page is that scammers are able to create fraudulent links on their home pages. Not only that but they are able to create fake advertisements; people on their accounts homepage are able to see and click on the links. In some cases it may be clearly to anyone that the ads on the page are suspicious and it is not a good idea to click on them. These scammers have become more creative in creating different kinds of phishing attacks and all users should be aware of who and what the click on they are on their accounts. If they are unsure they should report the suspicious link to the website page or block the random person who has request to be their friend. People are unaware that the link on they clicked on is apart of phishing attack that may introduce a malware on to the device or computer the person is using. Malware Malware is defined as any piece of software that was created with the intention to harm data, devices or to people. Some examples of malware are viruses, Trojans or spyware. When a computer or device is infected with a virus it can attach themselves with clean files and infect other clean files in order to delete or corrupt files. Trojans is a dangerous malware that was created to appear as legitimate software. The goal of this particular malware is to create backdoors in the devices security to let other malware in. Obviously spyware was created to steal information on an individuals computer or device. It hides within the computer system since the user is unaware that the spyware is keeping track to the different passwords the user has for different accounts.

Gothic Art and Architecture Free Essays

Gothic art and architecture played a very important role in the appearance of medieval times. The approximate time frame of the Gothic stage began in 1125, preceding the Romanesque period. Gothic art was first considered very ugly and was believed that barbarians were only capable of making such pieces. We will write a custom essay sample on Gothic Art and Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now So, the name gothic meaning ghost was given to this time period. Now in the 20th century people think Gothic art is beautiful and admire it greatly. The First Methodist church in Notate by Red Barrel is a Gothic church. While looking at the church you take note of the pointed arches. This is a feature that began in the Gothic time period, and replaced rounded arches of the Romanesque period. Pointed arches are on every window and on the frame of the door. Inside you can see a simple barrel vaulting system. Another feature of Gothic art that The First Methodist Church has is the wonderful stain glass windows. They were very long and told a religious story. The stain glass allows the walls to be thinner and let a nice color filled light in. This light fills the church, and back then would be one of the only systems of light. The most dominant feature of Gothic architecture is the size, or height of the church. They believed that the higher the church the better, because they were closer to heaven. Some even contained towers so they could be closer to heaven. The one in Notate is very tall and has a very high ceiling. The ground plan for the church is in a cross, Just like medieval times. Inside the church is very complex along with the high ceilings. There are no painting, but the columns are highly decorated and complex. The First Methodist Church in Notate has many Gothic features, but is missing some characteristics. It does not have flying buttresses, or a rose window, which were strong Gothic traits. Also there were no windows on the east end where the sun rises. Alters were mainly put on the eat end, so when the sun rose it would fill the alter with light. Gothic architecture is very beautiful, and the town of Notate is very lucky to have such a marvelous Gothic church in its town. How to cite Gothic Art and Architecture, Papers

The Death Penalty (575 words) Essay Example For Students

The Death Penalty (575 words) Essay The Death Penalty In the eighteenth century, England would punish by death forpickpocketing and petty theft.Ever since the 1650s colonist could beput to death for denying the true god or cursing their parents advocates. Capital Punishment have clashed almost continuously in the forum of publicopinion in state legislatures and most recently in courts. In 1972,thecase of furman vs.Georgia reached the supreme court. The court decidedthat punishment by death did indeed violate the eighth amendment tocontaining that excessive fines imposed,nor cruel and unusual punishmentinflicted. By this decision death sentences all over the country were setaside. The three most common death penalties are the gas chamber,lethalinjection,and the electric chair. Capital punishment has become anincreasingly controversial issue over many decades. The problem liesbetween, is the death penalty being accepted in murder cases or ruled outcompletely. While some people feel that Capital Punishment will notdiscourage crime, Capital punishment should be legalized in all states,because it is morally just and it will deter crime. We will write a custom essay on The Death Penalty (575 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The many opponents of capital punishment who are against it feel thatthe death penalty is not a deterrent and that it is barbariaertic of thepast. It has no place in a civilized society today. One of the biggestarguments against capital punishment is people feel that it violates theeighth amendment which forbids cruel and unusual punishment. Peopleagainst Capital Punishment believe the death penalty is absurd and is inun-christian practice. Further more, they feel society should notencourage sentiments of vengenance cater to morbid interest in ritualexecution. Criminologists also built a strong case that the threat ofdeath failed to deter murder, anymore effectively than prison. Therefore,to inflict harm to one,it is simply useless. However, the punishment fits the crime therefore, it is morally just. Capital punishment is an expression of societys moral outrage atoffensive conduct. This may be appealing to many but it is essential in anordered society. It asks our citizens to rely on legal procedures ratherthan to self-help their wrongs doings. It is morally right to sentence aperson to the death penalty who has commited a serious crime as murder. Ifsomeone has murdered a person it is unethical to let the murderer live whenyou have an innocent person who is dead. Capital Punishment has to bebased entirely on consideration of justice and morality. Finally, the death penalty is a deterrent against crimes. Statisticsshow that the crime rate is reduced in all states that hold the deathpenalty. The point given to these people is that they are less likely tocommit a crime knowing they will receive the ultimate punishment to kill. No other punishment deters men so effectively from committing crimes asthe punishment of death. Still, Capital Punishment is supported by manyAmericans. They usually rely on deterrence as their main reason to deterpeople from committing serious crimes. Hopefully Capital Punishment willbe legalized in many states to eliminate violence from american life. Many people feel Capital Punishment will not discourage crime . Itpromotes murder rather than deter it. A desire for suicide is what leadssome murders to their criminal acts. Capital Punishment should remainlegalized in all states. The two main reasons are it is morally just andit will deter crime. The way our society is today we need to continue onwith the death penalty. It deters other murders and it protects oursociety from them. Clearly, the usage of the death penalty will force crimeto be unacceptable in our world and protect our citizens.